In a rough kinda about way:
1970's Kraftwerk/Parliament Funkadelic/George Clinton
1982 - Juan Atkins, aka Cybotron - along with the futurism of the time and the Korg MS20 Synth.
1985-1988 - Chicago house was also happening influenced by disco.
1985-1988 - Juan Atkins influenced Derrick May and Kevin Saunderson in Detroit (all of them were also known as the Belville Three). Detroit techno was born.
1988 - Acid house was the new Chicago thing. Phuture are said to have produced the first 303 record 'Acid Tracks'. But like with anything in the USA, this is open to debate lol.
1989 - Garage took over in NY, influenced by the house sound. But Nu Groove etc also started to produce a more techy sound.
1988-1990 Techno came to Europe in a big way but kicked off in Belgium (R&S/Ferrari Records who did the newbeat thing were heavily influenced by the New York thing at first)
1989/90 - R&S (Belgium) released CJ Bolland/Joey Beltram and eventually Aphex Twin (the whole electronica movement). We also had Frank De Wulf etc. The sound spread to Holland
1989 - Holland took hold of techno and eventually created Gabber.
1989 - UK took hold of techno and eventually made hardcore.
Then we can go on.
Underground Resistance made a real stand against the European imitators who ****ed up techno in the early 90's. Jeff Mills came out of that. Then did Robert Hood - who made the first real 'minimal techno' records...
Richie Hawtin brought in his own sound which also brought back the 303 into techno - a Canadian answer to the UR/Detroit thing. UR also did the whole Acid Rain thing around that time too, so again brought acid into techno.
Then Carl Craig made a stand and shit started to go soulful again.. the second Detroit wave if you like...
Then Woody McBride made the 303 dirty sound in Minneapolis. Drop Bass presented the hard sound too.
Of course the Aphex thing led to Warp and ambient/fax etc. It was a nuts time for music. Rising High was a big UK label for the crossover stuff, then Eye Q made trance, Harthouse, Cari Lekebusch then Planet Rhythm. Cari was the instigator imho for the Swedish sound that then led to the loopy sound, which then became hard techno then schranz....
Then you got a backlash on the form of minimal.
IT goes on...
You can sit for hours documenting it all mate. lol
But that's the basics in my head. You can go soooo deep and argue with me, it's not even funny lol hehee. But I suppose it's each to their own. Each to their own experience. This is definitely not a definitive guide....
And that's what's so amazing about techno :)
This is my personal experience. I've missed out loads I can't think of right now, but I really hope this helps you on your way.....